{"id":83862,"date":"2022-03-14T17:22:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T21:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/dinh-nghia-so-do-uml\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T07:47:21","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T11:47:21","slug":"dinh-nghia-so-do-uml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/dinh-nghia-so-do-uml\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n v\u1ea1ch ra th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, vai tr\u00f2, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n xung quanh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ba k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i Rational Software \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n UML t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1996. N\u0103m 1997, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong kho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a UML l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/b><\/p>\n

Khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c su\u00f4n s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

3. N\u00eau r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Statechart<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 logic ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

4. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

5. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

6. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ca s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Khi c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ca s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y n\u00e2ng cao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/a><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n

T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML:<\/p>\n