{"id":83859,"date":"2022-03-15T17:44:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T21:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/uml-so-do-loi-ich\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T07:45:21","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T11:45:21","slug":"uml-so-do-loi-ich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/uml-so-do-loi-ich\/","title":{"rendered":"7 \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan, UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UML.<\/p>\n

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N\u00f3 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn UML c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f9y theo mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n

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Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

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Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i UML ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

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UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. <\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 UML \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, UML l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do ph\u1ea1m vi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n

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UML r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/h3>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 14 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ca s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u 20% ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef UML \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 80% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u00e3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML<\/h3>\n

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C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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