{"id":83744,"date":"2023-02-02T05:57:29","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T09:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/luc-luong-portors-5-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T07:25:07","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T11:25:07","slug":"luc-luong-portors-5-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/luc-luong-portors-5-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, Khung v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> N\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Michael E. Porter c\u1ee7a Harvard, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y chia b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n N\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i – t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng ma l\u1edd m\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thay th\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, N\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter l\u00e0:<\/b><\/p>\n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter:<\/p>\n 1. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7<\/b><\/p>\n Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v.v. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh chung \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t (USP) trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v.v.<\/p>\n 2. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp ng\u00e0nh<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kinh doanh.<\/p>\n B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, l\u1eadp ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p, v.v.<\/p>\n 3. \u0110e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thay th\u1ebf<\/b><\/p>\n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0103n m\u00f2n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a iPhone n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Nokia v\u00e0 Blackberry. iPhone kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nokia v\u00e0 Blackberry \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p – n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00e1y nghe nh\u1ea1c MP3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CD.<\/p>\n 4. \u0110e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/b><\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng \u00edt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n sang kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n 5. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/b><\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao th\u00ec nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p mua h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf – nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (doanh nghi\u1ec7p) n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n \u0110a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p ri\u00eang cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Khung N\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter, do Michael E. Porter ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khung n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. N\u0103m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n 1. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/b> <\/strong><\/p>\n 5 L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n 2. \u0110\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp<\/b><\/p>\n S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n Mua l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ty g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Scotland (RBS) mua l\u1ea1i ABN Amro b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t n\u0103m 2007 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 17 t\u1ef7 USD, khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m t\u1edbi khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n 3. Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda <\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gian l\u1eadn trong kinh doanh. 5 L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n 4. Gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 5 L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00f3i chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter<\/h2>\n
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Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khung 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter<\/h2>\n
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L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Porter cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n
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