{"id":82973,"date":"2023-06-21T20:17:05","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T00:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/quan-sat-dinh-luong-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2024-06-20T06:31:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T10:31:59","slug":"quan-sat-dinh-luong-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/quan-sat-dinh-luong-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:0px;--awb-padding-left-small:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-font-size:22px;\"><p><strong><b>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"awb-toc-el awb-toc-el--1\" data-awb-toc-id=\"1\" data-awb-toc-options=\"{&quot;allowed_heading_tags&quot;:{&quot;h2&quot;:0},&quot;ignore_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;ignore_headings_words&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;enable_cache&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_current_heading&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;hide_hidden_titles&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;limit_container&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;select_custom_headings&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;fa-flag fas&quot;,&quot;counter_type&quot;:&quot;decimal&quot;}\" style=\"--awb-counter-type:counters(awb-toc, &quot;.&quot;, decimal) &quot;. &quot;;\"><div class=\"awb-toc-el__content\"><ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--0\"><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_What_is_Quantitative_Observation\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_3_Key_Types_of_Quantitative_Observation\">3 lo\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Methods_of_Quantitative_Observation\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\"><a class=\"awb-toc-el__item-anchor\" href=\"#toc_Top_10_Quantitative_Observation_Best_Practices\">10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2 id=\"toc_What_is_Quantitative_Observation\" class=\"fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontsize: 36; line-height: 1.25;\" data-fontsize=\"36\" data-lineheight=\"45px\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/quan-sat-dinh-tinh-la-gi\/\">quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/a> \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c suy lu\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch quan. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 thang \u0111o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00e2n \u0111o: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/nghien-cuu-dinh-luong-la-gi\/\">nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thang \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thang \u0111o danh ngh\u0129a, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7. C\u00e1c thang \u0111o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/nghien-cuu-dinh-luong-la-gi\/\">nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trung t\u00e2m, t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, h\u1ed3i quy v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/nghien-cuu-dinh-luong-la-gi\/\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc_3_Key_Types_of_Quantitative_Observation\" class=\"fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontsize: 36; line-height: 1.25;\" data-fontsize=\"36\" data-lineheight=\"45px\">3 lo\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload aligncenter wp-image-58695 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-600x451.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-600x451.jpg\" alt=\"3 lo\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh\" width=\"600\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27451%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20451%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27451%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-400x301.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1-600x451.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-1.jpg 715w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n hay v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>2. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo th\u1eddi gian, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>3. Quan s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p hay thao t\u00fang n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft. Quan s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc_Methods_of_Quantitative_Observation\" class=\"fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontsize: 36; line-height: 1.25;\" data-fontsize=\"36\" data-lineheight=\"45px\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ph\u00e9p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi do b\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng . C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia:<\/strong> Quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia trong khi quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/quan-sat-dinh-tinh-la-gi\/\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc_Top_10_Quantitative_Observation_Best_Practices\" class=\"fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontsize: 36; line-height: 1.25;\" data-fontsize=\"36\" data-lineheight=\"45px\">10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload aligncenter wp-image-58696 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-600x408.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-600x408.jpg\" alt=\"10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" width=\"600\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27408%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20408%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27408%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-200x136.jpg 200w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-400x272.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive-600x408.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ideascale.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/quantitative-observation-descriptive.jpg 715w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>2. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, thang \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t quan s\u00e1t, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>3. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan s\u00e1t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>4. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t tham gia, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>5. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>6. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. Xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>7. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0o trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>8. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thang \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>9. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, s\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>10. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ho\u1eb7c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea suy lu\u1eadn, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/nghien-cuu-dinh-luong-la-gi\/\">c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/nghien-cuu-trai-nghiem-khach-hang-la-gi\/\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CX) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":82974,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4437],"tags":[],"contributor":[4618],"class_list":["post-82973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viblog","contributor-nick-jain-vi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t - IdeaScale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/quan-sat-dinh-luong-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t - IdeaScale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. 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