{"id":82838,"date":"2023-09-08T02:16:26","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T06:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/thiet-ke-nghien-cuu-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2024-08-15T02:31:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T06:31:42","slug":"thiet-ke-nghien-cuu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/thiet-ke-nghien-cuu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, quan s\u00e1t, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n 1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m: L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (RCT). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, RCT \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n 2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m: Thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Khi t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n 3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t: N\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eaft ngang, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. B\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n 4. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Tham gia kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00f4ng qua Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n 5. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110i qua l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ra quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n 6. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau h\u1eadu k\u1ef3: Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9.<\/span><\/p>\n 7. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u0103m d\u00f2: Ti\u00ean phong trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Blaze \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n 8. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7: Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n B\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7, theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n 9. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n 10. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4ng qua Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trau d\u1ed3i c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc SEO chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: Trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thao t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u.<\/span><\/p>\n 2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n Quan s\u00e1t theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n Quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n 3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n B\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n: Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n 4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/b><\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb: T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3.<\/span> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n 5. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n 6. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n 7. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n 8. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n 9. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra c\u1eaft ngang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1eaft ngang thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, cho ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n 10. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n 11. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/a> \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n 12. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/a> nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n 13. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n 14. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n 15. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ca-ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/span><\/p>\n 16. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u00e9o<\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eaft ngang v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
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10 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n
16 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n