{"id":81868,"date":"2023-07-15T11:00:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T15:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/viblog\/doi-moi-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2024-06-06T05:23:19","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T09:23:19","slug":"doi-moi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ideascale.com\/vi\/viblog\/doi-moi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh<\/a> . V\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0 duy v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, hoan ngh\u00eanh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a> v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh doanh, khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. <\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 thi trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh doanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/a> to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bc\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. Airbnb:<\/strong> Airbnb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch thu\u00ea nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ed7 \u1edf ngang h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed7 \u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n 2. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Tesla, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) ti\u00ean phong cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m xa, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/a> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng pin v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n 3. T\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SpaceX:<\/strong> SpaceX, do Elon Musk th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n 4. In 3D:<\/strong> In 3D, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n 5. Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen CRISPR:<\/strong> CRISPR-Cas9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/a> ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n 6. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Netflix:<\/strong> Netflix \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea video truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xem phim v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i dung, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n 7. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thanh to\u00e1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Apple Pay, Google Pay v\u00e0 PayPal \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch di \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n 8. Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i Alexa c\u1ee7a Amazon:<\/strong> Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Amazon, Alexa, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/a> th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.<\/span><\/p>\n 9. Xe m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chia s\u1ebb xe \u0111\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Xe m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chia s\u1ebb xe \u0111\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 Lime v\u00e0 Citi Bike, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, gi\u1ea3m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n 10. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m pin quang \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00eau b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a> v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/b><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a> , hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 2. T\u1ea1o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b><\/p>\n Khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o, cu\u1ed9c thi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/a> ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b><\/p>\n Sau khi l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a> , b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 4. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu<\/b><\/p>\n Sau khi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu th\u00eam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ea3 thi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (MVP). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 5. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/b><\/p>\n \u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c MVP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 6. Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i su\u00f4n s\u1ebb t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang tri\u1ec3n khai to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 7. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/b><\/p>\n Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/a> . \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
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C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n
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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: 10 ng\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n